江汉大学学报(社会科学版)

精准扶贫政策工具作为实现脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的国家政策预期目标的有效途径,在进行政策文本分析中具有重要作用。通过梳理我国精准扶贫政策的发展历程和政策工具应用情况,为转承的乡村振兴研究提供支撑。基于2015—2019年111份精准扶贫国家政策文件,构建X政策工具维度、Y扶贫领域维度、Z扶贫价值链维度的三维分析框架进行政策文本分析。结果表明:精准扶贫政策体系基本完成,呈现立体网状结构;政策工具运用重心向能力建设型工具转移,但命令型工具仍使用过溢,自愿性工具严重不足;在扶贫各领域方面,精准扶贫政策工具结构分布不均,社会保障领域响应最多;脱贫致富是精准扶贫政策的首要目标,而公平正义则是根本价值取向。在此基础上,提出政府在精准扶贫乃至转承的乡村振兴政策实施和政策工具应用上的对策和建议。

The targeted poverty policy instrument,as an effective means to achieve the expected goals of state policies on poverty alleviation and building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects,has an important role to play in doing policy text analysis.Sorting out the developmental course of the state's targeted poverty alleviation policies and the implementation of the policy tools can provide support for the ensuing rural revitalization research.Based on 111 national targeted poverty alleviation policy documents issued from 2015 to 2019,a three-dimensional analysis framework is set up for policy text analysis,with X the policy instrument dimension,Y the poverty alleviation field dimension,and Z the poverty alleviation value chain dimension.According to the result,the targeted poverty alleviation policy system has basically been finished,presenting a three dimensional network structure;the focus of policy instrument implementation is shifting towards capability building tools,while the imperative types of tools are still overused and the voluntary types of tools are severely insufficient;in every field of poverty relief,there is an uneven distribution in the targeted poverty alleviation policy instrument structure,with the most response in the social security sector;overcoming poverty and achieving prosperity is the primary goal of the targeted poverty alleviation policies,and equality and justice is the fundamental value orientation.Based on the above research,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward concerning governmental targeted poverty alleviation and the ensuing rural revitalization policies'implementation and policy instrument application.